Nystatin

General description.
Nystatin is a Polyene macrolide antifungal agent, which is a polyketone compound produced by Streptomyces Knowles ATCC 11455. The antibiotic contains a large lactone ring whose natural synthesis is initiated by acetyl-CoA and then condenses three ethyl malonyl-CoA and 15 malonyl-CoA extensions.

Application.
Nystatin has been used to treat human macrophage U937 to study the effect of nystatin on the production of IL-8 (interleukin-8) in U937 cell line treated with silver nanoparticles. To determine its effect on SR-BI (class B scavenger receptor)-mediated intracellular accumulation of OxLDL (oxidized low density lipoprotein) in COS-7 cell line as a lipid macrophage regulator in mouse macrophages. To study the relationship between the increase of the number of lipid rafts and the enhancement of TNF- α (tumor necrosis factor) response.

Biochemical / physiological behavior.
Studies on patients with severe burns have shown that nystatin powder is effective in the treatment of large-scale vascular invasive fungal infection and has no side effects on wound healing. Mechanism of action: nystatin acts by binding to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane, increasing membrane permeability and producing nystatin / ergosterol-based ion channels. It can also be used as a lipid raft inhibitor and membrane-associated cholesterol. Antimicrobial spectrum: nystatin can fight fungi, yeast and mold.

Warning.
The tissue culture medium solution of nystatin can be stably preserved at 37 °C for three days. It is also stable in moderately alkaline media. The solution and aqueous suspension begin to lose their activity soon after preparation, and heat, light and oxygen accelerate the decomposition. If heated to 100 °C at pH 7, the aqueous suspension can be stably preserved for 10 min.

Points for attention in preparation.
At 28 °C, nystatin was soluble in methanol (11.2 mg/mL), ethanol (1.2 mg/mL), carbon tetrachloride (1.23 mg/mL), chloroform (0.48 mg/mL), benzene (0.28 mg/mL) and ethylene glycol (8.75 mg/mL). It can also be 5 mg/mL soluble in DMSO and easily soluble in DMF and formamide. High pressure sterilization or aseptic filtration of nystatin solution is not recommended. Nystatin suspension is also effective and can be kept stably for 3 days at 37 °C. 50 mg/mL suspension in water was prepared and stored at-20 °C.

Other considerations.
Keep it in a sealed container and place it in a dry and ventilated place. Stored in inert gas. Sensitive to air and light. Store in a dry place.