Adenosine

General description.
Nucleoside adenosine consists of purine adenine and ribose. Therefore, it is also called adenine-D-ribose. Adenosine is an important molecule that forms nucleotides and is a part of nucleic acids that form DNA and RNA. Nucleotides include adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate.

Application.
Adenosine has been used as a supplement to DMEM (Dulbecco modified Eagle medium): to evaluate the growth of blastocysts derived from interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (iSCNT); cells to maintain CGR8 ES (germ line competent cell line) cells; for plasmid transfection and cloning of embryonic stem cells.

Biochemical / physiological behavior.
Tissue injury, local ischemia and abnormal cell proliferation stimulate the release of adenosine. Adenosine helps to counteract the effects of reduced oxygen and energy in organs such as the heart, brain and skeletal muscle, and mediates vasodilation. It works through G protein coupled receptors. Adenosine also reduces the release of neurotransmitters and cellular metabolism. . The endogenous neurotransmitter at the adenosine receptor. The myocardial protective effect may be related to the activation of A1 adenosine receptor. The antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine can be mediated by A2 adenosine receptor. In contrast, adenosine acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).